Some Early Standardized Exams

The history of testing is quite interesting - PBS has a nice timeline of the rise of the SAT in prominence to becoming the standard that it is today here.

The College Board's first college entrance examinations consisted of essay examinations in English, French, German, Latin, Greek, history, mathematics, chemistry, and physics.

Here is Harvard's entrance exam from 1899. Subjects include: Latin, Greek, History and Geography, Arithmetic, Algebra and Plane Geometry.